Acne & Rosacea

What is acne?

Acne is a common skin condition that affects the oil glands and hair follicles in the skin. It causes spots, blocked pores, and inflammation, and can range from mild to more severe forms.

Acne most often appears on the face, but it can also affect the back, chest, shoulders, and neck. It affects teenagers and adults and is one of the most common reasons people seek skin treatment.

What causes acne?

Acne develops when pores become blocked with excess oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria.

Hormonal changes play a major role. During puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or hormonal conditions, the body can produce more oil than usual. This extra oil can clog pores.

Bacteria that naturally live on the skin can then multiply inside blocked pores, leading to redness, swelling, and spots. Other factors that can worsen acne include stress, certain medicines, oily or pore-blocking skincare products, and touching or picking the skin.

Different types of acne

Acne doesn’t look the same for everyone. You may experience one or more types at the same time.

Blackheads are open pores that appear dark because the oil is exposed to air.

Whiteheads are blocked pores under the skin.

Papules are small red bumps that may feel sore.

Pustules are red spots with a white or yellow centre.

Nodules are larger, firm, and often painful lumps deeper in the skin.

Cystic acne causes large, boil-like cysts and carries a higher risk of scarring.

Symptoms of acne

Common acne symptoms include spots, oily or shiny skin, redness, and tenderness. Some people experience itching, discomfort, or pain, especially with deeper spots.

Acne can affect confidence and self-esteem, particularly if it’s persistent or leaves marks or scars.