What is bacterial conjunctivitis?
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common, highly contagious eye infection that affects the thin, clear membrane covering the white of your eye and the inside of your eyelids. When bacteria get in, this membrane becomes inflamed and angry. This makes your eye look bloodshot or pink and leads to uncomfortable, sticky flare-ups.
This infection can strike at any age. It sweeps quickly through schools and nurseries, but adults catch it just as easily if they come into contact with the bug.
Symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis
The symptoms usually hit fast, and they can vary in severity. Common signs include a gritty feeling like sand trapped in your eye, bright redness, a constant itch, and a thick, yellow or green discharge. This discharge often dries overnight, gluing your eyelashes shut while you sleep.
Sometimes, eye symptoms can point to a deeper, more dangerous problem. If you experience a sharp, stabbing pain in your eye, sudden blurring or loss of vision, intense sensitivity to light, or if your eye becomes severely swollen, you must not wait. Seek urgent medical help straight away.
What causes bacterial conjunctivitis?
The exact cause is a direct transfer of bacteria into your eye. The bug does not just appear; it is carried there by your environment or your daily habits.
Common ways the bacteria spread include rubbing your eyes with unwashed hands, touching contaminated door handles or keyboards, using old or shared eye makeup, or sharing towels and pillowcases with someone who already has the infection.
Treating bacterial conjunctivitis and using eye drops
Unlike a long-term condition, bacterial conjunctivitis can be cured entirely. While very mild cases might clear out on their own as your body fights the bug, most people rely on prescription treatments to kill the bacteria quickly and stop the spread. A key part of your treatment is using the drops correctly and practicing strict hygiene.
Most treatment plans rely on prescription antibiotic drops or ointments (such as chloramphenicol).
- Antibiotic eye drops are used during the day to wash the bacteria out, reduce the inflammation, and clear the sticky discharge.
- Antibiotic ointments are often used right before bed. They are thicker and stay on the eye longer, working through the night to stop your lashes from gluing together.